Which of the following is NOT a late sign of increased ICP?

Hypotension is considered to be a sign of inadequate cerebral perfusion or systemic blood pressure issues, rather than a late sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). When ICP rises significantly, it typically leads to specific neurological signs that reflect the brain's response to this pressure increase.

Increased ICP is often associated with changes in consciousness, which can manifest as a lowered level of consciousness. This occurs due to the brain’s inability to function normally under elevated pressure.

Irregular respirations can signal damage to brain regions that control breathing. As ICP rises, it can lead to alterations in the neuroanatomy that regulate respiratory patterns, thereby indicating severe distress.

Fixed and dilated pupils are often indicative of cranial nerve compression or brain herniation due to severe ICP elevations, showcasing a profound impact on the neurological function.

In contrast, while all these signs indicate critical conditions, hypotension is not a direct consequence of elevated ICP and can actually occur due to a variety of other factors, such as shock or cardiac dysfunction. Therefore, recognizing the signs specifically associated with increased ICP helps in delivering timely and appropriate interventions.