What is the recommended IV infusion dose for dopamine in adults?

The recommended intravenous infusion dose for dopamine in adults typically falls within the range of 5-20 mcg/kg/min. This dosing range is used primarily for supporting cardiac output and improving renal perfusion, particularly in patients with conditions such as shock or heart failure. Dopamine acts on different adrenergic receptors depending on the dose. At lower doses (under 5 mcg/kg/min), dopamine primarily stimulates dopaminergic receptors, which can promote renal vasodilation. However, as the dose increases to 5 mcg/kg/min and above, the drug also begins to activate beta-adrenergic receptors, enhancing myocardial contractility and heart rate.

At doses exceeding this infusion range, there is a risk of additional side effects, including vasoconstriction mediated by alpha-adrenergic activation. This careful balance in dosing is essential, as it maximizes the desired hemodynamic effects while minimizing potential adverse events. Hence, understanding the therapeutic window and pharmacologic profile of dopamine at different dosage levels is crucial for effective critical care management.