How is Stroke Volume calculated?

Stroke volume is defined as the volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle of the heart during each contraction. The most accurate method to calculate stroke volume involves measuring the difference between end-diastolic volume (the amount of blood in the ventricle just before it contracts) and end-systolic volume (the amount of blood left in the ventricle after contraction). By subtracting end-systolic volume from end-diastolic volume, you determine how much blood was pumped out of the ventricle during that heartbeat, which is precisely what stroke volume represents.

The other choices do not provide the correct calculation for stroke volume. Simply multiplying heart rate by blood pressure does not reflect the volume of blood ejected with each heartbeat. Averaging outputs of both ventricles is not a standard method for determining stroke volume since stroke volume is specific to the left ventricle in most contexts related to cardiac output. Finally, measuring arterial blood flow is more related to the assessment of vascular health rather than the direct calculation of stroke volume.